Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

In the first two installments of this series, we discussed whether or not an old transmitter was even worth fixing, followed by some techniques I ve used to repair high-voltage power supplies. This ...

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used extensively throughout the world. Over time, they have advanced to become more user-friendly, efficient, smaller, and less expensive. Different types of ...