The top 5 languages learned: Java, followed by C, Python, C++, and JavaScript. JetBrains also asked which massive open online course platforms are the most popular.

Java proponents see the language gaining traction in AI and machine learning as AI becomes incorporated into business logic.

JavaScript, Java, and Python skills are most in-demand by recruiters, according to a report published this week by tech hiring platforms CodinGame and CoderPad.

For the first time in the history of TIOBE's index, Java has slipped out of the top two, leaving Python to occupy the spot behind reigning champion, C.