A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary ...

Some cells, such as immune cells, are highly mobile—they constantly remodel their shape, migrate toward a wound that needs to ...

Just like in yeast and animal cells, vacuoles in plants are responsible for breaking down unwanted cellular components. At ...

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of only a handful of gaseous signalling molecules. Its discovery as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by Ignarro revolutionized how NO and cognate reactive ...

Researchers have found a new, dynamic protein structure in cells. Every cell contains millions of protein molecules. Some of them have the ability to phase-separate to form non-membrane-bound ...

Dedication -- Foreword / Bruce Budowle -- Acknowledgements -- The editor -- Contributors -- Chap. 1. Introduction to forensic botany / Heather Miller Coyle -- Chap. 2. Basic plant biology / Heather ...

Scientists have discovered a novel biochemical mechanism explaining how immune proteins defend plants against invading microorganisms. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ...

Researchers have developed artificial cell-like structures using inorganic matter that autonomously ingest, process, and push out material - recreating an essential function of living cells. Their ...