Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

Analog transmission is not particularly efficient. When the signal-to-noise ratio of an analog signal deteriorates due to attenuation, amplifying the signal also amplifies noise. Digital signals are ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a fundamental technique in power electronics that facilitates the efficient control of power delivery by modulating the width of voltage or current pulses. This method ...

Doing more with less in electronics often means improving power density. One of the new areas garnering attention involves applying a variety of advanced modulation techniques, including PWM and space ...

A North American telephony standard for converting analog voice into a digital data stream using pulse code modulation (PCM). The "pulse code" in PCM comes from the telephone company's method of ...

This paper presents the Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) method of digitally storing and reproducing speech or other waveforms. A detailed explanation of the encoding steps is given ...

We casually speak of digital audio, often referring to it as AES audio, perhaps AES3 (for the number of the AES standard), or by an older term AES/EBU. But what exactly is this AES3 signal? Here’s the ...