Restrictions during randomisation make it easier for investigators to guess the next allocation. Statistical correction of any imbalance in confounders at the end of the study is equally accurate for ...

The importance of causal inference in biomedical science cannot be overstated. It can help determine the direction of effect, the mechanisms behind observed associations and potential interventions.1 ...

We know that randomisation influences the exposure, but we don't directly compare levels of exposure and the outcome – we compare the randomised arms. And variables such as age, sex and social ...

Objectives To assess how often stratified randomisation is used, whether analysis adjusted for all balancing variables, and whether the method of randomisation was adequately reported, and to ...

We conducted a narrative review in order to provide a description of the utility of Mendelian randomisation for clinicians engaged in cardiovascular research. We describe the rationale and provide a ...