Abstract: A new systems description method that utilizes graph theory for systems modeling is presented. The new method represents the system in terms of a directed graph, where each system component ...

Cells in Excel are referred to using relative or absolute references. A formula with relative references changes when the cell's position does. If, for example, a cell has a formula "=A1" and you copy ...

Abstract: This study investigates two critical methodological paradoxes inherent in benchmarking nature-inspired optimization algorithms: (1) the isomorphism paradox, where performance evaluations are ...