The present paper describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked ...

Karen C. Fuson, Diana Wearne, James C. Hiebert, Hanlie G. Murray, Pieter G. Human, Alwyn I. Olivier, Thomas P. Carpenter and Elizabeth Fennema Researchers from 4 projects with a problem-solving ...

Addition involves finding the total of two or more numbers or amounts. There are different things you can use to help you add. You can use number lines, place value charts and place value counters.