A function is a rule that is applied to one set of values to give another set of values. A function can be illustrated on a graph – points are plotted as coordinates and joined by either a straight ...

Algebraic structures are fundamental mathematical entities defined by sets equipped with operations that satisfy specific axioms, such as groups, rings, and fields. Function spaces, by contrast, are ...

Explore the amplitude, period, and phase shift by examining the graphs of various trigonometric functions. Students can select values to use within the function to explore the resulting changes in the ...

There are 4 main functions: a 1 is the same as the value returned by algebraic_connectivity_directed(G)[0] (see Ref. [2]). a 2 is the same as ã as described in Ref. [3]. a 3 is described in the proof ...

Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions play a pivotal role in cryptography, particularly in securing symmetric key algorithms against differential attacks. Their algebraic properties, including ...

Here is what it looks like when you launch the application. It defaults to the 3D plotter, you can switch between the 3D and 2D plotter with the button on the top left corner. Here is an example with ...