In previous installments of the AudioFile, we've talked about basic PCM audio, which encodes audio into a series of numbers that a computer can play or manipulate. We've also discussed the process of ...

While we all went through intensive course work in engineering school studying analog-to-digital converters (ADC), operational amplifiers (Op Amp), digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and other ...

Confused by analog-to-digital converter specifications? Here's a primer to help you decipher them and make the right decisions for your project. Although manufacturers use common terms to describe ...

Amplifiers and mixed-signal data converters have come a long way since their humble beginnings in the first rudimentary monolithic operational amplifier designed by Robert Widlar in 1965. Little did ...

[Andy] had the idea of turning a mixing desk into a MIDI controller. At first glance, this idea seems extremely practical – mixers are a great way to get a lot of dials and faders in a cheap, compact, ...

Back in the day where the microprocessor was our standard building block, we tended to concentrate on computation and processing of data and not so much on I/O. Simply put there were a lot of things ...

The working of a modulator can be explained using a conversion example. In Table 1 the headings X, B, C, D, and W correspond to points in the signal path of the block diagram in Figure 2. For this ...

A signal chain consists of several components, such as amplifiers, data converters, interface, clocks and timing. The purpose of the signal chain is to gather and process data or apply system controls ...