The paper compares non-parametric (design-based) and parametric (model-based) approaches to the analysis of data in the form of replicated spatial point patterns in two or more experimental groups.

We describe a range of methods for the description and analysis of spatial point patterns in plant ecology. The conceptual basis of the methods is presented, and specific tests are compared, with the ...

This study draws on satellite-derived built-up area data (GHS-BUILT-S), population grids (WorldPop), and a globally validated PM 2.5 dataset with approximately 1-kilometer spatial resolution.

The self-organized patterns of species in drylands reveal how the ecosystem works and its ability to respond to environmental changes.