Use this guide to get back to the root of programming, and make sure you're effectively learning how to learn.

Front-end and back-end developers are crucial to maintaining websites but they have different requirements when it comes to technologies, programming languages and skills.

Browsers primarily run the JavaScript programming language, while back-end developers must pick from a dizzying number of programming languages and related tools.

As I learned PHP, SQL and back-end programming, the PHP documentation, along with W3Schools’ tutorials, helped break down everything into easy-to-understand steps.

Carbon is often used for back-end programming, web services and APIs. Jansen told TechRepublic it’s remarkable that Carbon took “so long” to reach the top 100.