\({\log _a}a = 1\) (since \({a^1} = a\)) so \({\log _7}7 = 1\) \({\log _a}1 = 0\) (since \({a^0} = 1\)) so \({\log _{20}}1 = 0\) \({\log _a}p + {\log _a}q = {\log _a ...

Exponential and logarithmic functions are mathematical concepts with wide-ranging applications. Exponential functions are commonly used to model phenomena such as population growth, the spread of ...

We consider boundary integral equations of the first kind with logarithmic kernels on smooth closed or open contours in R2. Instead of solving the first kind equations directly, we propose a fully ...