Researchers have shown that sliding forces applied to cartilage surfaces prompt cells in that tissue to produce molecules that lubricate and protect joints, an important step toward their goal of ...

Scientists have classified forces into different kinds. Learn more about friction, applied forces and normal forces and how they work on the Earth and in the universe. Science Trek is available to ...

Definition: Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), also known as Surface Potential Microscopy, is a cutting-edge scanning probe microscopy technique that measures the surface potential of materials at ...

Figure 1: Anomalous lateral force in the helix particle–substrate configuration. We first show the full-wave numerical results of the optical forces acting on helical gold particles induced by a ...