The expectation of a random variable X, or E(X), is its long term average. When we have a list of numbers, for example a sample of plant heights, it is easy to calculate the expectation or the average ...

A random variable is one whose value is unknown or a function that assigns values to each of an experiment’s outcomes. A random variable can be discrete or continuous.

This paper is concerned with the determination of tight lower and upper bounds on the expectation of a convex function of a random variable. The classic bounds are those of Jensen and ...

Milliken and Johnson (1984) present an example of an unbalanced mixed model. Three machines, which are considered as a fixed effect, and six employees, which are considered a random effect, are ...