Bacteriophages engineered with a 21-amino-acid genetic code make use of the additional noncanonical amino acid during in vitro evolution.

The genetic code acts as life’s instruction manual, telling cells how to build proteins from DNA and RNA. Though it's a marvel of molecular precision, the path it took to evolve remains unclear ...

Darwin's theory of evolution should be expanded to include consideration of a DNA stability 'energy code' -- so-called 'molecular Darwinism' -- to further account for the long-term survival of ...

Convergent evolution is the phenomenon in which different species of an organism independently evolve similar traits in response to shared selective pressures.