Protein translation uses transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are aminoacylated with their cognate amino acids by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes, to read triplet codons in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) via base ...

Cells working with an expanded genetic code could make more diverse medicines. A new study shows scientists are within striking distance. One of modern biologists' most ambitious goals is to learn how ...

Scientists sought to work out genetic errors by creating their own artificial genome, which replaced E. coli’s original genome and used less genetic material.

This breakthrough could also pave the way for new medicines, advanced materials and synthetic lifeforms beyond anything seen ...

Subhash Kak does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Proteins that were present during the origin of life may have consisted of only seven primordial amino acids, a study suggests. The 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins are encoded by a total of ...

DURHAM, N.C. -- A new examination of the way different tissues read information from genes has discovered that the brain and testes appear to be extraordinarily open to the use of many different kinds ...