Addition-by-subtraction lives at the heart of Ryan's budget, particularly his health care plans. Ryan proposes to cure health care inflation by capping Medicare payments to beneficiaries at $15,000.

Here's how to use Excel as a calculator to perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Pearla Nesher, Tamar Katriel, A Semantic Analysis of Addition and Subtraction Word Problems in Arithmetic, Educational Studies in Mathematics, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Oct., 1977), pp. 251-269 ...

The present paper describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked ...