Abstract: Common methods for calculating the converted Cartesian position measurement and associated covariance from polar or spherical measurements are: standard conversion, debiased conversion, ...

This paper describes a new algorithm for the 2­D converted-measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) which estimates a target’s Cartesian state given polar position measurements. At each processing index, the ...

Abstract: In machine vision applications, Time-of-Flight (TOF) sensors like the Photonic Mixer Devices (PMD) became considerable alternatives to common 3D sensing devices. Because of the enormous ...

To sketch the graph of a polar equation a good first step is to sketch the graph in the Cartesian coordinate system. This will give a way to visualize how r changes with θ. The information about how r ...