The study of structured optical waves has enhanced our understanding of light and numerous experimental methods now enable the control of the angular momentum and radial distributions. Recently, these ...

Students learn to define, give the MKS units for, and calculate momentum. Momentum: Students learn to define, give the MKS units for, and calculate momentum and to use the impulse equation to explain ...

When you shine a flashlight into a glass of water, the beam bends. That simple observation, familiar since ancient times, hides one of the oldest puzzles in physics: what really happens to the ...