For smart home deployments, there are a lot of ways to track the presence of individuals in a room. There are motion detection sensors that use mmWave and PIR, and you can also use simple detection ...
I've been playing around with a couple of ESP32 microcontrollers, and that experimentation has taught me a lot about sensors and what you can build for really, really cheap. For as little as $4, you ...
Hackaday

hall effect sensor

Recently, [Solder Hub] put together a brief video that demonstrates the basics of a Hall Effect sensor — in this case, one salvaged from an old CPU fan. Two LEDs, a 100 ohm resistor, and a 3.7 volt ...