Fixed and Random Effects Central to the idea of variance components models is the idea of fixed and random effects. Each effect in a variance components model must be classified as either a fixed or a ...

This technical note discusses fixed effects models. Though a unified example, the note shows how omitted variable bias can plague estimates in cross-section regressions and how focusing attention on ...

The MODEL statement names a single dependent variable and the fixed effects, which determine the X matrix of the mixed model (see the "Parameterization of Mixed Models" section for details). The ...

A fixed effects model is extended to the stochastic frontier model using results that specifically employ the nonlinear specification. The random effects model is reformulated as a special case of the ...

Purushottam Papatla, A Multiplicative Fixed-Effects Model of Consumer Choice, Marketing Science, Vol. 15, No. 3 (1996), pp. 243-261 ...