(a) A constellation diagram depicting five different digital modulation techniques demonstrated in this work. The z axis, representing the frequency, is included to show the frequency-modulated ...

Prior investigations indicated that the frequency modulated receiver would always respond to the signal having the largest amplitude. Thus, selective circuits would be required to pick out a desired ...

The FM modulator circuit (frequency modulation) is built with a Motorola MC1648P oscillator. Two varactors, Motorola MV-209 are used to frequency modulate the oscillator. The 5000 Ω potentiometer is ...