Direct-to-consumer devices promising pain relief are flooding the market. Is there enough evidence to recommend these devices to patients with chronic pain?

J Midwifery Womens Health. 2008;53(2):115-122. The mechanisms of action for sterile water injections are not fully clear, but the Gate Control Theory is one logical explanation. This theory was ...

The spinal cord transmits pain signals to the brain, where they are consciously perceived. But not all the impulses arrive at their destination: Certain neurons act as checkpoints and determine ...