The Git index, along with the need to use the "git add" command before performing a commit, is often a source of confusion for beginners. These "git add" examples will make things clear.

How to undo a staged Git file The proper way to undo the git add command is to use git restore. This will unstage your files, essentially undoing any previously issued git add commands.

Git uses your changes, the parent commit, and some metadata to build the new commit; the parent is required. Unless, that is, you explicitly tell it to create orphan branches.