Abstract: Scouring refers to the lowering of the level of river bed due to water erosion. Formation of vortices in the vicinity of bridges due to obstruction caused to river flow by piers and ...
HEC-RAS is a highly precise model for predicting water levels and flood-affected areas during extreme hydrological events, even with limited input data (Zainal and Abu Talib, 2024); HEC-RAS is widely ...