Monitoring cardiac output is essential in the treatment of critically ill patients. It may improve the indication and choice of treatment in a hemodynamically unstable patient. Furthermore, the ...

Cardiac output close cardiac outputThe amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output. is the total volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle ...

When the heart contracts it pushes blood into blood vessels which creates blood pressure. A blood pressure reading consists of two values: systolic value – blood pressure while the heart is squeezing ...