A ratio of debt to equity is calculated by dividing total debt by the amount of shareholders' equity, found near the bottom ...

A vertical analysis is used to show the relative sizes of the different accounts on a financial statement. For example, when a vertical analysis is done on an income statement, it will show the top ...

Income statements detail revenue, expenses, and net income from top to bottom. Reading starts with revenue, deducts expenses, and ends with net income. Subtotal figures help identify missing account ...