For Higher Physics, revise how to calculate the expected direction of refracted rays using Snell’s law. Calculate critical angle given refractive index.

Ray trace parameters were used to calculate the refractive index distributions for 633 nm light in all 17 lenses and for 532 nm light in 10 lenses.

A second-moment turbulence closure model is used to investigate the make-up of the refractive structure parameter Cn2 for acoustic, optical and microwave radiation. For these different forms of ...