Time-weighted return (TWR) calculates an investment portfolio or fund’s performance while accounting for external cash flows. Investment funds usually have money flowing in or out at various times.

Past performance may or may not be sustained in future.

Every thriving business relies on a robust return on investment (ROI) to help gauge whether its investments are yielding a profit. Although you as an individual investor possess shallower pockets than ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

One key metric that offers valuable insights into a company’s financial health is the return on average assets (ROAA). This financial ratio measures how effectively a company uses its assets to ...