David Lavie is a writer and editor with two decades' experience in marketing communications, equity research and publishing. He is a founding partner in Quartet Communications, where, as Head of ...

Elysse Bell is a finance and business writer for Investopedia. She writes about small business, personal finance, technology, and more. Erika Rasure is globally-recognized as a leading consumer ...

Total return includes both capital gains and dividends, providing a comprehensive view of stock performance. Expressing total return as a percentage or dollar value helps compare various investments ...

Calculate annual % change by dividing start by end value, raising to inverse years, minus one, times 100. Ex: a drop from $15M to $10M over 2 years is a 18.4% average annual decline. This calculation ...