What is an Exponential Function? At its core, an exponential function describes a situation where the rate of growth is proportional to its current value. Imagine a snowball rolling down a hill, ...

Introduction: The domain of a function is the set of all possible input values (x-values) for which the function is defined. Understanding the domain is crucial for solving mathematical problems and ...

Abstract: This paper presents an observer with exponential error decay for systems described by bilinear input-state dynamics and output functions that are ratios of ...

1 Thoth Technology Inc., Algonquin Radio Observatory, Pembroke, ON, Canada. 2 Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada. 3 Epic College of Technology, ...