An object is moving counter-clockwise along a circle with the centre at the origin. At \(t=0\) the object is at point \(A(0,5)\) and at \(t=2\pi\) it is back to point \(A\) for the first time.

Differential equations are commonly used to model dynamical deterministic systems in applications. When statistical parameter estimation is required to calibrate theoretical models to data, classical ...