Polar equations are mathematical expressions that define curves in the polar coordinate system, which represent points in terms of their distance (radius) from the origin and angle (theta) from a ...

Express the polar equation \(r=\cos 2\theta\) in rectangular coordinates. Find the maximum height above the \(x\)-axis of the cardioid \(r=1+\cos \theta\text{.}\) Sketch the graph of the curve whose ...

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as the planet’s angular bearing, or its direction from a fixed point on the sun. In this section, we will focus on the polar system and the graphs that are generated directly from polar coordinates.