Canonical, Ubuntu's parent company, in partnership with Microsoft has made it possible to install Visual Studio Code on any Linux distribution which supports snap.

What makes the magic happen is the Crostini Linux container on Chrome OS which will allow you to install the Linux version of Visual Studio Code on your Chromebook.

Using the new Visual Studio Code 1.33 (March 2019 version) is a snap -- of the Linux variety that lets the popular open source code editor be distributed as a snap package.