Your circuit must use only one transistor, no ICs. Diodes and RCL passives are allowed, but also no vacuum tubes, tunnel diodes, or other active components, you lateral thinkers.

Transistor VT2 provides short-circuit protection to the load, with red LED D4 indicting an overload. (D2 blows out simultaneously with an overload.) Short-circuit current does not exceed 38 mA.

Molecular transistors that run on single electrons now work at room temperature. Dutch scientists achieved the feat by buckling carbon nanotubes with an atomic force microscope. “We’ve added ...

Transistors are electronic components that can modulate or switch current on and off in a circuit. To make one that would respond to a biological molecule, Noy and his team borrowed from living cells.