When the causal relationship between X and Y is specified by a structural equation, the average causal effect of X on Y is the population average rate of change of Y with respect to changes in X, when ...

Models are empirical data. Markets contain variables, investors and news that cannot be modeled. Strategies derived from the models is key. There are many methods to measure the worth of companies and ...

CHICAGO & NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (NYSE:ICE), a leading global provider of data, technology, and market infrastructure, today announced the first phase of its ...