(a) Structure of the proposed neural network, which uses three-valued gradients during backpropagation (training) rather than real numbers, thus minimizing computational complexity. (b) A novel ...

There are, without a doubt, two broad technological fields that have been developing at an increasingly fast pace over the past decade: artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Previously met with skepticism, AI won scientists a Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2024 after they used it to solve the protein folding and design problem, and it has now been adopted by biologists ...