Gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics represent a transformative approach in optical design whereby the refractive index varies continuously within a material rather than remaining uniform. This ...

A property of a material that changes the speed of light, computed as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the material. When light travels at an angle between two ...

The first law of refraction states that the incident rays, refracted rays, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The ratio of the sine of the angle of ...

A multimode optical fiber in which the refractive index of the core declines from its highest value at the center of the core to a value at the edge of the core that equals the refractive index of the ...

When a ray of light is incident at normal incidence, (at right angles), to the surface between two optical materials, the ray travels in a straight line. When the ray is incident at any other angle, ...