Note: This only works when \(x\) is measured in radians. We are now going to look at more complex trigonometric functions where we will use the general rule: \(\int {\cos (ax + b)dx = \frac{1}{a}} ...

Serves as a continuation of Calculus I. Integration and techniques of integration including the substitution method, integration by parts, trigonometric integrals, trigonometric substitution, ...

Remember that integration is the inverse procedure to differentiation. So, if you can do trigonometric differentiation, you can do trig integration.

Abstract: In the constrained optimization problem, it is difficult that the evolutionary algorithm finds the optimal solution on the whole solution space. The algorithm needs a constraint-handling ...

Abstract: In this study, feedforward control of the one-time swing of a 1DOF pendulum is performed using a finite-time settling function expressed by half-odd-integer trigonometric functions. The ...

Analyses on the expansion of equivalent electron functions, on changes in the order of vector coupling, and on the calculation of the V coefficients of part IV are reported. These are of practical ...