X-ray free-electron lasers provide unique opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics and for imaging the structures of complex systems. Understanding the response of individual atoms to intense ...

Molecules show a much increased multiple ionization rate in a strong laser field as compared with atoms of similar ionization energy. A widely accepted model attributes this to the action of the joint ...

Ionization energy is one of the most important physicochemical parameters. It is defined in terms of the amount of energy required to rip an electron from an atom. The dependence of the ionization ...

Contributed by John P. Perdew; received September 12, 2024; accepted January 23, 2025; reviewed by Filipp Furche, Robert O. Jones, and Hannes Jonsson Organometallic transition-metal complexes and ...

Scientists have achieved the ionization potential measurement of lawrencium (element 103) with a novel-type technique at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Based on the empirically developed "actinide ...

This report both complements and extends Technical Reports Series No. 277/2, Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams - An International Code of Practice, IAEA Technical Reports Series ...

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. A previous comparative study between helium and nitrogen as nebulizing and desolvation ...

This publication is the result of an Agency Coordinated Research Project that reviewed the procedures and data used in the calibration of plane parallel ionisation chambers for high energy electron ...

Abstract: Cryogenic silicon CMOS operating between 77K and 4.2K is becoming more popular in high-speed server applications and the periphery of quantum computers. In the cryogenic regime, dopant ...

Astronomers tallying up all the normal matter—stars, galaxies and gas—in the universe today have come up embarrassingly short of the total matter produced in the Big Bang 13.6 billion years ago. In ...

Department of Oncology, TMSS Cancer Center, Bogura, Bangladesh. Algorithm of electron beam dose delivery is dissimilar in comparison to X-ray radiation therapy. Therefore, absolute dosimetry of low ...