The identification of unknown molecules has been one of the cornerstone applications of mass spectrometry for decades. This tutorial reviews the basics of the interpretation of electrospray ionization ...

Ionization energy is a fundamental concept in chemistry and physics, which represents the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. This property plays a vital role in understanding ...

In 2009 researchers found an "ionization surprise" that defied explanation. Until that time, it had been commonly thought that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was well-understood, but ...

Researchers have for the first time measured the first ionization energy of lawrencium, the last of the actinides, validating predictions of the element’s electronic structure (Nature 2015, DOI: ...

Abstract: In space environments, protons can cause single-event effects either by direct ionization or by nuclear reactions, whose secondary products deposit charges in sensitive regions. Given the ...

Department of Oncology, TMSS Cancer Center, Bogura, Bangladesh. Algorithm of electron beam dose delivery is dissimilar in comparison to X-ray radiation therapy. Therefore, absolute dosimetry of low ...

ABSTRACT: Algorithm of electron beam dose delivery is dissimilar in comparison to X-ray radiation therapy. Therefore, absolute dosimetry of low energy like (≤9 MeV) is fundamentally effective in ...