If \(f(x) = x^2\), then \(-f(x) = -(x^2)\). This means that each of the \(y\) coordinates will have a sign change. So \(y = 4\) would become \(y = -4\), and \(y = -1 ...

Feynman diagrams are an interesting intersection point between combinatorics and graph theory, algebra, as well as quantum field theory. They are graphs which label the perturbative expansion of ...