For example, signals that propagate through a communication channel are normally attenuated. Time delay is also usually accepted as the signal passes through various points in the system.

Neuroimaging (for example, functional magnetic resonance imaging) signals are taken as a uniform proxy for local neural activity. By simultaneously recording electrode and neuroimaging (intrinsic ...

This article explains proportional integral derivative (PID) control, including the math behind it, with the use case of a linear servo motor.

A study of signals and linear systems and their applications in modern engineering. Representation of continuous and discrete time signals and systems in the time and frequency domains. Stability, ...

Secondary sexual characteristics such as mating displays are prime examples of complex traits with important consequences for reproductive success. Typically, researchers atomize sexual traits such as ...