Abstract: This book contains a detailed discussion of the matrix operation, its properties, and its applications in finding the solution of linear equations and determinants. Linear algebra is a ...

Homogeneity: T(c * u) = c * T(u) for any scalar c and vector u. Additivity: T(u + v) = T(u) + T(v) for any vectors u and v. The range of a linear transformation T is the set of all vectors that can be ...

Vector spaces, linear transformation, matrix representation, inner product spaces, isometries, least squares, generalised inverse, eigen theory, quadratic forms, norms, numerical methods. The fourth ...