Machine language is the fundamental standard for software compatibility, because it is the language the CPU understands. All programs presented to the computer for execution must be in the machine ...

The microcontroller’s CPU reads program code from memory, one instruction at a time, decodes each instruction, and then executes it. All memory content—both program code and data—is in binary form: ...

Every software program is written in a programming language, and there are several languages for every major CPU series; typically an assembly language and a number of high-level languages. Assembly ...

I was entering the miseries of seventh grade in the fall of 1980 when a friend dragged me into a dimly lit second-floor room. The school had recently installed a newfangled Commodore PET computer, a ...