The future development of functional magnetic devices based on ultrafast optical manipulation of spins requires an understanding of the depth-dependent spin dynamics across the interfaces of complex ...

The origins of magnetic steel can be traced back to the 18 th century when scientists began experimenting with iron alloys. In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted's accidental discovery of electromagnetism ...

Heat is the energy of motion of tiny particles, the vigorous dance of the atoms and molecules that constitute matter. When matter is chilled, the dance becomes torpid. At Absolute Zero ( —273.13 ...

The nadir of cold called Absolute Zero exists not as a reality of nature but as a textbook definition, as a goal which haunts the minds of low-temperature researchers and which they do not expect to ...

This test set uniquely combines winding resistance measurement, transformer turns ratio, tap changer dynamic resistance, core demagnetization, transformer type detection, magnetic balance, short ...