This book provides an introduction to axiomatic set theory and descriptive set theory. It is written for the upper level undergraduate or beginning graduate students to help them prepare for advanced ...

Learn how backpropagation works by building it from scratch in Python! This tutorial explains the math, logic, and coding ...

Mathematical logic provides a rigorous framework for analysing the structure of mathematical reasoning, enabling a deep understanding of both formal systems and the nature of proofs. Central to this ...

Synthese spans the topics of Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Coverage includes the theory of knowledge; general methodological problems of science, of induction and probability, ...

Abstract: The purpose of this tutorial paper is to make general type-2 fuzzy logic systems (GT2 FLSs) more accessible to fuzzy logic researchers and practitioners, and to expedite their research, ...

Hallucination is fundamental to how transformer-based language models work. In fact, it’s their greatest asset: this is the method by which language models find links between sometimes disparate ...