Some applications are so inherently complicated that it is difficult to dig through the many layers of connected algorithms to expose the parts of the code ripe for optimization. This makes them a ...

The degree distance of a connected graph G with vertex set V(G) is defined as $\sum\limits_{u \in V\left( G \right)} {{d_G}} \left( u \right){D_G}\left( u \right)$, where dG(u) is the degree of vertex ...

In this study, we aim to determine the unique tetracyclic graph that maximizes the signless Laplacian Estrada index (SLEE) among all tetracyclic graphs. The SLEE of a graph Ω is defined as the sum of ...

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