We formulate a novel Markov regime-switching factor model to describe the cyclical nature of asset returns in modern financial markets. Maintaining a factor model structure allows us to easily derive ...

A set of assets is said to span the mean–variance space if the efficient frontier it generates cannot be improved upon with additional assets. Mean–variance spanning is used to determine empirically ...

According to Nvidia’s 2025 State of AI in Financial Services report, one in four firms identify portfolio optimization as the single most ROI generative application of AI in Finance. In reality, ...

Adaptive Asset Allocation boosts returns and manages risk with dynamic, rules-based portfolio strategies. Read here for more insights.