Memory models offer the formal frameworks that define how operations on memory are executed in environments with concurrent processes. By establishing rules for the ordering and visibility of memory ...

“Memory consistency model (MCM) issues in out-of-order-issue microprocessor-based shared-memory systems are notoriously non-intuitive and a source of hardware design bugs. Prior hardware verification ...

Memory consistency models (MCMs) are known to flummox even experienced computer architects, so it is perhaps not surprising that recent news articles had some difficulty portraying the nuances behind ...